Roqayah Hussien AlQaraawee

The revolutionary gene-editing technique known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) have numerous uses on biomedicine and agriculture. CRISPR-Cas9 was first identified in prokaryotes as an adaptive immune system, but it has now developed into a potent instrument for accurate genome alteration. The mechanisms of action of CRISPR- Cas9, possible uses for treating genetic abnormalities, increasing crop yields and stress tolerance, and combating antibiotic resistance worldwide are all examined in this study. In terms of methodology, this study collects information from current clinical trials, experimental research, and agricultural field applications. The results demonstrate notable progress in improving crop drought tolerance, treating hematologic disorders including sickle cell anemia, and re-sensitizing antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Even with these developments, issues with equitable access, off-target impacts, and moral conundrums still exist. The topic of discussion is striking a balance between safety and innovation in order to optimize CRISPR's worldwide influence. Because CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing provides accurate and effective methods for changing DNA sequences, it is transforming a number of industries, including biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine. The application of CRISPR-Cas9 to heal genetic disorders, increase crop yields, and fight antibiotic resistance will be examined in this essay.