Mohammed Amer Shaheed

In this study, structural, optical, and compositional aspects of CuFeNiSnS(CFNTS) thin films have been prepared and developed from the spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) as a novelty. The films of CFNTS were grown on a glass substrate with a temperature condition of (350±5Co) and a spray rate of 12 ml/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the films are polycrystalline in nature and are tetragonal in crystal formation. Energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the presence of Cu, Fe, Ni, Sn, and S, implying that the CFNTS deposited belong to the CFNTS phase with highوpurity. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) illustrated the chemical bonds of the associated compound. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the homogeneity, compactness, and dense structure of the films. The optical properties—including absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity, and both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant—decreased as the wavelength increased, whereas the transmittance increased. The optical band gap measured for the CFNTS thin film was 1.8 eV and found to be suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications.

In this research, the impact of the geometrical parameters of In₀.₃Ga₀.₇N/GaN disk-like quantum dots (QDs) on their optical properties and quantum efficiency (QE) is explored. For this purpose, a quantum-disk model is numerically simulated via the use of MATLAB program for calculation of absorption coefficient and quantum efficiency (QE) in the range of wavelengths from 300 nm to 700 nm. Moreover, the impacts of both the radius and height of the disks on the optical properties are investigated, and the results are compared with other theoretical and experimental investigations available in the literature. It is found out that the best optical performance for such QDs can be reached at 3 nm of the disk radius and 2 nm of the disk height with reaching a maximum absorption coefficient of about ~9303 〖cm〗^(-1)and maximum QE equal to 86.3%. An increase in the values of either the radius or height of the QDs leads to gradual reduction of both parameters, while causing slight shifting of the peak wavelength because of the weakening of the quantum confinement effects. Based on the obtained results and analysis of the peak values and color plots, the optimum geometrical parameters of quantum disks are determined.

This work focuses on the effect of coating with polyvinylpyrrolidone on the structure and morphology of synthesized powdered cadmium ferrites through the microwave-assisted combustion method. Antibacterial activities test of Cd-ferrite before and after coating with PVP for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also studied. Structure and impurity phases characterizations, surface morphology with chemical composition analysis, as well as lattice vibrations determined by XRD analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and foruier transform, exhibited spinel structure with crystallite size decreasing with coating with polyvinylpyrrolidone from 21.23nm to 19.71nm. The images recorded by field emission- scanning electron microscopy showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone plays a very important role in preventing Cd-ferrite agglomeration. The presence of Fe-O bonds from Cd-ferrite was observed in the FT-IR spectra. Antibacterial activity was found to be enhanced with the coating of cd-ferrite.

The present study utilised the neutron activation method of nuclear track detectors (CR-39) to ascertain the uranium level in human urine specimens. This research investigation had two cohorts of male and female participants. The first cohort consisted of individuals with kidney failure, while the second cohort consisted of individuals without any diseases. Samples of urine from individuals suffering from kidney failure and healthy individuals have been gathered from Al-Muthanna governorate, located in southern Iraq. In kidney failure patients, the highest level of uranium was 3.53 µg/l for a 69-year-old male, while the lowest level was 1.61 µg/l for a 66-year-old male. In healthy individuals, the highest uranium content was 2.36 µg/l for a 30-year- old male, and the lowest uranium content was 0.53 µg/l for an 8-year-old female. The uranium levels in those suffering from kidney failure were found to be markedly elevated compared to those in healthy individuals. The impact was examined based on the uranium content with respect to age, gender and smoking patterns.

The efficiency of semiconductor solar cells remains fundamentally constrained by classical models, particularly the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit. To overcome this bottleneck, this study proposes quantum-physics-based modeling framework for analyzing energy conversion mechanisms in emerging photovoltaic materials. A synthetic dataset encompassing ten semiconductors ranging from traditional silicon to novel perovskites and metal oxides was constructed based on key parameters: bandgap energy, quantum efficiency, crystal structure, and conversion efficiency. Statistical analyses revealed that quantum efficiency is the strongest linear predictor of performance, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of +0.98. Conversely, bandgap energy showed a moderate negative correlation (−0.43), consistent with theoretical expectations that efficiency peaks near the 1.3–1.6 eV range. The results are validated against contemporary advances in charge transport optimization, tandem architectures, and quantum dot integration, as evidenced by recent literature. This study contributes a multivariable modeling approach that synthesizes quantum mechanical principles with empirical design, offering predictive insights for material selection and device optimization. The findings advocate for integrative strategies that span photon absorption, carrier transport, and band engineering. This work lays a foundation for further investigations that incorporate exciton dynamics and temperature effects, ultimately supporting the development of high-efficiency quantum solar cells.

Palladium–copper (Pd-Cu) nanoparticles were synthesized in this work using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of a 532 nm wavelength Nd: YAG laser with an energy of 1 J and varying numbers of laser pulses. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confirmed that the size of nanoparticles grew with increasing pulses. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis verifies high purity of the obtained samples, which reveals successful nanostructuring of Pd-Cu nanostructures. Optical measurements disclosed that the number of laser pulses increased was accompanied by higher absorbance and a higher coefficient of absorption, along with a tremendous reduction in transmittance. These results highlight the excellent sensitivity of nanoparticle properties to conditions of laser pulses and prospects for suitable control of ablation conditions to specify structural and optical responses of Pd-Cu nanoparticles. Such property tunability makes them potential candidates for use in photonics, catalysis, and sensing technology.

This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides uranium-238, thorium-232, and potassium-40 in soil samples taken from 20 sites in the Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq. Using a high-purity germanium detector (HPGE), the lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was calculated based on the measured radioactivity. The results showed clear differences in the concentrations of radioactive elements between sites, where 10.38, 11.45 and 201.31 (Bq/kg) respectively for U-238, Th-232 and K-40. The ELCR value ranged from 0.00019 in the Karamah area to 0.00030 in the Al-Sudair border area. When these values are compared with the internationally permitted (ELCR) value of 0.00029, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), we find that some sites exceeded this permissible limit, indicating potential radiological health risks in those areas. Accordingly, the study concluded that ongoing assessments are necessary, along with the development of strategies to reduce radiation exposure in areas with high values.

In the current study, a Q-switched laser ablation technique was used to create gold nanoparticles. A Nd:YaG laser with a 1064 nanometer wavelength and 480 mJ of energy was used for this purpose. It will be your desire to select amongst three different pulse sizes-100, 300 and 500- that will be provided to you when you buy this cool gadget. The nonlinearity of the optic were studied with the help of the Z scan method. Nonlinear optical properties are obtained of within scope of a continuous wave diode laser that had a power of 50 mW as wavelength 650 nm at output signal. These results establish correlation between TPA (photochemical absorption) with 2n-linear absorption coefficients, as well as self-defocusing index, which is negative (Self-defocusing sign).

In this research, monoclinic copper oxide (cuo) films dopped with zinc were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering method. These films were studied as gas sensors for NO2 gas. The best sensitivity to gas was found to sample (D) at a temperature of (200C), which led to semi- The P-type conductor with an n-type semiconductor leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the gas sensor to the target gas by decreasing the resistance of the sensor and thus increasing its sensitivity .In the optical tests, the optical energy gap of the prepared films was calculated and found to be equal to (Eg = 3.03, 2.99, 2.97, 2.93, 2.89, 2.85eV) It was also found that the optical energy gap directly by calculating the absorption coefficient, as well as the latency coefficient and refractive index of the prepared films

In this work, the structural properties of zinc-doped copper oxide (Cuo) films prepared by DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING method were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of copper oxide films indicated that the prepared film has a monoclinic structure and that the diffraction pattern appeared at locations between (30 - 60 =°θ2), and the highest peak appeared at (35.4508 =°θ2) at a settling time (8min). An EDX test was also performed. This examination revealed all the elements involved in the preparation of the thin Cuo films dotted with zinc and these elements were represented in (Co, O, Zn). Also, scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tests were carried out for the morphology of the Cuo film dotted with zinc. The results showed the random and compact dense distribution of spherical nanoparticles. With different bodies without the appearance of other formations.

This research aims to study the effect of deformation on the structural, optical and allergic properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique were deposited on glass substrate. ZnO were deformed with a copper element in different ratios (3%, 7%, 9%) due to changing the environment temperature at 275°C and annealed to 400°C. The X-ray diffraction shows that all films have polycrystalline structure with hexagonal shape due to annealing process, and they have a high permeability of 80% with energy gap 3.35eV. The best sensitivity was clear at ( 7%) ratio..