LAYTH HUSSEIN HADI ALSHAIBAH

ThisstudyinvestigatestheimpactofCOVID-19vaccinationonAlopeciaAreata(AA)severity, particularlyfocusingongenderdifferences.Datafrom65AApatients(30vaccinated,35 unvaccinated) and 1,602,596 healthy controlswere analyzed. Physical examinations, laboratorytests,andSeverityofAlopeciaTool(SALT)scoreswereused.Resultsshoweda significant increase inAAseverityamongvaccinatedindividuals, especiallymales,with Pfizer'svaccinehavingastrongereffectpost-seconddose.Thesefindingshighlighttheneed for continued research and monitoring of AA post-COVID-19 vaccination.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic clinical pathogen, and it's found in different organisms such as soil, plants and water and considered common pathogenic infections that causes nosocomial infections Present study included collecting about 316 random samples in different ways from January 2022 to February 2023 from Al Diwaniyah teaching hospitals the combination process was randomly investigated for P. aeruginosa bacteria specimens were inculcated on different culture media like Blood-agar, MacConkey-agar then Muller Hinton-agar to find specimen of P. aeruginosa based on their phenotypic features, for the identification and resistance to antibiotics study biochemical tests and Api 20 E system were used. 316 samples, 33(25.58%) P. aeruginosa were isolated from ear, 16(21.33%) from burn, 8 (16%) from wound, 6 (14.28%) from urine and 2(10%) from sputum. In males 27(19.56%) isolate and 38(21.34%) in female. P. aeruginosa biochemical examinations showed that all specimens produce catalase, oxidase, then growth at (42°C) and most of the specimens non able to yield (H2S), reduce nitrates and hemolysis β-hemolytic. While they gave negative results for Methyl-red, Voges Proskauer and Indole test as diagnosed with Api 20 E system to further confirm the isolation yield for P. aeruginosa bacteria. Majority of isolates 55(84.61%) showed in results had Ceftriaxone resistance, furthermore other specimen showed different antibiotics sensitivity response. Isolation proportion of P. aeruginosa from ear is more than the isolation rate from other body sites in patients. Nearly every P. aeruginosa specimen showed resistance to most antibiotics in present study, particularly Ceftriaxone where resistance rate was 55 (84.61%).

Staphylococcus aureus contains numerous surface proteins called microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) that mediate binding to host tissues and initiate colonization leading to infection. Virulence genes such as enzymes, toxins, adhesin proteins, cell surface proteins play an important role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus strains. The distribution and prevalence of virulence genes vary among S. aureus strains in different regions. However, the highest frequency of virulence genes among S. aureus strains is related to toxin genes. There are many PCR methods for detecting these microorganisms such as conventional PCR, multiplex PCR, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of virulence genes among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. In this study, multiplex PCR technique was applied to determine the presence of virulence genes among MRSA strains. Results showed the frequency of virulence genes among bacterial strains isolated from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf teaching hospital. In addition, among the strains, hla gene with 91% frequency, exhibited the highest prevalence among pathogenic genes. Sea, mecA, clfB, femA, fnbB, tsst, hlb genes with 88%, 65%, 54%, 45%, 39%, 27% and 13% were in the next ranks, respectively. This investigation showed mecA is a gene found in bacterial cells that allows them to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics.