haider kadhum raddam

Abstract Background: Self-care is a fundamental concept, essential professional practice, and uniform terminology within the healthcare system. It has also been characterized as "selecting actions that mitigate the impacts of emotional and physical stressors: engaging in exercise, consuming nutritious food." Advocating for self-care could improve compassion satisfaction and mitigate Stress and empathy fatigue in healthcare professionals. Several writers propose self-care practices. Study Design: This research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to achieve its aims. The study commenced on November 1, 2023, and concluded on June 10, 2024. Study Sample: The current study contained a non-probability (convenience) sample of 180 nurses. Setting of the Study: The research is undertaken in Al-Najaf City, encompassing the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Al-Hakeem Hospital, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Al-Najaf Teaching Hospital, and Al-Forat Teaching Hospital. Results: The research results indicated that the overall evaluation of nurses' self-care behavior is modest. Conclusion: Despite the heightened focus on self-care for healthcare providers, particularly nurses as the predominant group, recent studies have overlooked this aspect. This study has demonstrated that self-care behaviors among nurses at Al-Najaf City Hospitals are at moderate levels. Recommendation: Educating and motivating nurses to engage in regular physical activity so they can encourage their patients to do the same. Create a designated workspace: Creating a designated workspace helps focus on the task at hand rather than being distracted by other things in the surrounding environment.

Abstract Background: Self-care is a fundamental concept, essential professional practice, and uniform terminology within the healthcare system. It has also been characterized as "selecting actions that mitigate the impacts of emotional and physical stressors: engaging in exercise, consuming nutritious food." Advocating for self-care could improve compassion satisfaction and mitigate Stress and empathy fatigue in healthcare professionals. Several writers propose self-care practices. Study Design: This research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to achieve its aims. The study commenced on November 1, 2023, and concluded on June 10, 2024. Study Sample: The current study contained a non-probability (convenience) sample of 180 nurses. Setting of the Study: The research is undertaken in Al-Najaf City, encompassing the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Al-Hakeem Hospital, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Al-Najaf Teaching Hospital, and Al-Forat Teaching Hospital. Results: The research results indicated that the overall evaluation of nurses' self-care behavior is modest. Conclusion: Despite the heightened focus on self-care for healthcare providers, particularly nurses as the predominant group, recent studies have overlooked this aspect. This study has demonstrated that self-care behaviors among nurses at Al-Najaf City Hospitals are at moderate levels. Recommendation: Educating and motivating nurses to engage in regular physical activity so they can encourage their patients to do the same. Create a designated workspace: Creating a designated workspace helps focus on the task at hand rather than being distracted by other things in the surrounding environment.

Abstract: Assess the existing quality assurance protocols for maternity and child care services at Al-Tale' a Primary Health Care Center in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, and ascertain the demographic characteristics of the study participants. A descriptive study was done from January 6, 2024, to June 9, 2024, using a simple random sample of 60 respondents obtained by likely sampling approaches. The sample consisted of providers who offer maternity and child care services. The data were gathered utilizing the Quality Assurance Tool sanctioned by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. The data were gathered using questionnaires and interviews as methods of data gathering. Furthermore, data from several sources were utilized to enhance the availability of information regarding the study sample. The interviews were carried out with the staff members of Al-Tale' primary health care clinics, with each interview having a duration of 5 to 10 minutes. Data collection commenced on January 6, 2024, and concluded on June 9, 2024. The data was analysed using methods for descriptive statistical analysis. The survey revealed that the primary health care centers had a low rate of individuals availing the service. The primary factor contributing to this problem was a shortage of healthcare professionals and support staff, coupled with an inadequate distribution of nursing personnel. The study suggests that the number of primary health care centers should be increased in proportion to the people that will benefit from them within a specific area. Furthermore, it proposes that the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Higher Education, in conjunction with educational institutions, work together to create a carefully planned strategy to meet the staffing needs of these facilities

Abstract:A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted for the period from September 8, 2023 to April 25, 2024, with the aim of identifying the nursing administrative organization and its relationship to the efficiency of the performance of nursing department officials at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. A purposive sample of (50) responsible nurses from this hospital was selected. The charge nurses were selected and had a college degree, a technical diploma, a middle school certificate, and a nursing school certificate. The nurses included in the study were those who had more than three years of nursing management experience. A questionnaire form was prepared for the purpose of the study, consisting of main parts: demographic characteristics, administrative organization, and performance efficiency. The stability and credibility of the model was determined through the experimental study. The questionnaire form and structured interview technique were used as means of collecting data, and the descriptive data analysis method (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and standarddeviation) and the descriptive data analysis method (T-test) were applied to analyze the data. Data. The results of the study indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation between planning and performance efficiency for these officials. The study concluded that this hospital suffers from a lack of structural job descriptions. The study recommended the necessity of opening the door to specialization in the field of health administration in academic institutions to graduate advanced cadres from a scientific and professional standpoint to keep pace with the rapid development taking place in the field of health administration and in a manner commensurate with the needs of health institutions.

Abstract:Descriptive field research was conducted for the period from 5/10/2023 to 18/5/2024 in order to identify the reality of administrative control and job performance in Al-Sadr Medical City in Najaf. A purposive sample of (49) responsible nurses was selected and they held a preparatory certificate, a technical and medical diploma, a university degree, and a graduate certificate in nursing. The nurses included in the research were those who had more than three years of experience in nursing administration. A questionnaire form was prepared for the purpose of the research, consisting of (5) main parts that included (70) items, and the stability and credibility of the form was determined through the experimental study The questionnaire form was used as a means of collecting data, and descriptive statistical methods were applied, represented by frequency distribution tables, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage weight (%), relative importance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rs), and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Inferential statistical methods were also applied, represented by the t-test, the F-test, the simple linear correlation test, and the multiple linear correlation test. The researcher concluded that the level of interest of the samplemembers in the research variables was varied in a way that placed them in a sequential order of importance. The results indicated that the health institutions within the research sample suffer from a lack of specialists with sufficient experience, as mostof the sample members hold a preparatory certificate, which constituted a high percentage within the sample. The recommended the need for the enhance the expertise and skills of individuals working in the field of administrative control through training courses and workshops

Abstract: A descriptive study was undertaken from January 15, 2023 to May 26, 2023 in order to measure the level of knowledge among nurses This text pertains to the improvement of health and the avoidance of illnesses at primary healthcare clinics located in the municipality of Al-Diwaniyah. A precise random population of 150 individuals, evenly distributed among There are eleven primary health care institutions located in the city of Al-Diwaniyah. The numbers were obtained from the health promotion and disease prevention tool that has been authorized by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. Data was gathered by conducting a questionnaire for each variable, employing a research instrument and the personal interview method. Each survey necessitated roughly 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire comprised four axes, with the initial axis explicitly focusing on community partnership and mobilization. The second axis relates to the local council of the primary health care centre. The third level of communication focuses on modifying behaviour, while the fourth dimension revolves around promoting health and preventing sickness. The data was evaluated using the weighted average method, renowned for its ability to generate accurate outcomes by using the principle of weight ratios. The study found that the research sample had outstanding expertise in the field of health promotion and illness prevention. The study proposes improving training programs in primary health care, with a specific emphasis on boosting communication skills andpromoting changes in health behaviours. Additionally, it suggests prioritizing community involvement and activation, while also strengthening the local governing bodies of basic healthcare facilities. In addition, the study cautions against indiscriminately replacing experienced nurses with new workers.

Abstract:Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a widely acknowledged medicalmethod that involves applying chest compressions and artificial ventilation to ensure sufficient blood circulation to the brain and other vital organs. Approach: An observational study was carried out at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital between October 15,2023, and March 30, 2024. A non-probability cross-sectional sample was selected from 50 nurses in the cardiac care, intensive care, emergency, and pulmonary resuscitation units. Information was collected by preparing a questionnaire. It was built for thestudy, and data was collected through a personal interview. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part included 7. Paragraphs and the second part contain 25 paragraphs. Information was collected using a personal interview method for the study sample, and its credibility was determined by presenting it to 10 experts. Results: The results of the study indicated that the majority of nurses have little knowledge about cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The cognitive weakness of the nursing staff does not affect gender and age, nor does it affect the number of years of service, place of work, training, and efficiency of cardiac resuscitation. Still, there is a relationship between their knowledge and academic qualification. Recommendations: he emphasized the necessity of involving nurses in scientific rehabilitation courses related to cardiac resuscitation. It is necessary to conduct field research to stop this problem and stimulate nursing creativity in this field.

Abstract: A cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted for the period from September 1, 2023, to April 20, 2024, in order to identify administrative planning and its relationship to the efficiency of nursing department officials at Al-Diwaniyah General Hospital. A purposive (non-probability) sample was selected from (50) responsible nurses from this hospital. The responsible nurses were selected and they held a university degree, a technical diploma, a preparatory school certificate, and a nursing school certificate. The nurses who were included in the study were those who had more than three years of experience in Nursing Administration. A questionnaire form was prepared for the purpose of the study, consisting of main parts: demographic characteristics, administrative planning, and performance efficiency. The stability and credibility of the form was determined through the experimental study. The questionnaire form and the structured interview technique were used as two means of collecting data, and the descriptive data analysis method (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation) and the descriptive data analysis method (T-test) were applied to analyse the data. The results of the study indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation between both planning and performance efficiency of these officials. The study concluded that this hospital suffers from a deficiency in the institutional structure. The study recommended the need to develop nursing cadres working in the administrative field from a scientific and professional perspective, the need to establish an institutional structure, open the bridging system, and the need to attract female staff to fill the acute shortage.

AbstractDescriptive research was carried out from 1/7/2023 to 5/12/2023 to assess the level of clinical reasoning skills among the staff at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, and to ascertain the demographic characteristics of the participants. A sample of 50 nurses was recruited using potential sampling approaches. The participants in this study were clinical practitioners who gathered data using a specifically designed questionnaire. Data is gathered by employing questionnaire and interview procedures as tools for data gathering. Interviews were done with the nurses employed at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital. Each interview had a duration of 5 to 10 minutes. The data collection process commenced on August 1st and concluded on October 6th. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis methodologies. The most important conclusions were that there is an acute shortage of nursing staff (nursing specialization), there is an acute shortage of training courses to develop clinical reasoningskills for nurses, and there are large proportions of nurses working in emergency, intensive care and resuscitation units, who are inexperienced groups. Thereis also an acute shortage of nurses' knowledge and the extent to which they apply clinical reasoningskills, as the repetition rate in the questionnaire paragraphs reached 63.6%. The most important recommendations are to provide the hospital with specialized nursing staff, strengthen the nursing staff, develop their clinical reasoning skills by increasing the quantity ofinstructional programs in the specific domain of clinical reasoning, and strengthen the intensive care units and emergency and recovery units with nursing staff with experience in the field of clinical work. The study recommended conducting more research in the field of developing clinical reasoningskills among nurses

Abstract Background: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common health problems for premature babies. About 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 babies born at full term will develop cerebral palsy. For babies born at less than 37 weeks of gestation, the risk is twice as high, nearly 100 out of 1,000 live births. Objectives: Assessing mothers' knowledge Premature infants with cerebral palsy. Finding a relationship between demographic information and Premature infants with cerebral palsy. Methodology: A descriptive questionnaire-based study conducted at mothers from (20 October 2021 to the 17 May 2022). Non probability (purposive) sample of 50 of women's selected from maternity and Child Hospital in Diwaniyah City. The demographic characteristics were obtained through interview with the mothers. The statistical analysis program SPSS was used to analyze the data entered in the form of an excel table and by using the Chi-square for statistical analysis. Results and Discussion: The results of show that there is association between mother' knowledge with their demographic data at p value of less than (0.05). Except item (Occupational) there is no association between mother' knowledge with demographic data at p value of more than (0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that mothers have insufficient knowledge about Premature infants with cerebral palsy. And the factors that effects such as, mother's education, mother's age, and economic level are relation with the mother's knowledge. Recommendations: Organizing educational courses for mothers. Increasing the cultural awareness of mothers and families. Establishing educational programs for pregnant women that play a key role in avoiding complications and reducing the risk of Premature infants with cerebral palsy. Creating recommendations on radio and television that contribute to raising the awareness of mothers. There is a need for more large sample studies to generalize these results, as well as efforts must be adopted by the Iraqi Ministry of Health to establish educational programs.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has affected humans for many decades, and the descriptions of it are amazing important, which it's incidence is rising abruptly worldwide, Nowadays, the introduction of new insulin formulations and a new emphasis on tight blood glucose control make inpatient diabetes treatment has become more complicated, and it requires very careful monitoring by the nursing staff, while expanding their knowledge and practical skills to prevent dangerous side effects when giving insulin to patients. Objectives: The study aims to assess the nurse's knowledge and awareness regarding Insulin Therapy for Diabetic Patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and finding the association between demographic data which as the gender, educational level, years of experiences in the emergency department, and training course and their level of nurse's knowledge. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study has been carried out to assess the nurse's knowledge and awareness regarding insulin therapy for diabetic patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital for the period from 16 of January 2022 to 10 July of 2022. A purposive sample of (50) nurses who work in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire format was constructed to assess the knowledge of nurses about insulin therapy for diabetic Patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital.The questionnaire was divide to two main parts: First Part: Demographic data of the sample include (Age, Gender, Educational level, Duration of work as a nurse, Years of experiences and training courses regarding management of diabetic patients and insulin therapy. Second Part: This part include 18 multiple questions to assess the knowledge of nurses and awareness about insulin therapy for diabetic Patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. Results: Results of the study shows the highest of nurses’ knowledge items are (Moderate). While (Bad) was the main nurses’ knowledge regarding to store insulin and perform a physical assessment to establish a baseline before beginning therapy. The majority of nurses 77.8% of nurses' knowledge have Moderate, while 11.1% of them have Bad and 11.1% of them have (Good) regarding to overall Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, there are a highly association between education level, and years of experience about management of diabetic Patients undergoing insulin therapy in the emergency department. Conclusion: The study concluded that the highest of nurses’ knowledge items are (Moderate). While (Bad) was the main nurses’ knowledge regarding to store insulin and perform a physical assessment to establish a baseline before beginning therapy. Also there are a highly association between level of education, and years of experience about insulin therapy for diabetic patients in the emergency department and their efficacy of nurses’ knowledge. Recommendations: Increasing the knowledge and awareness of nursing staff concerning insulin therapy for diabetic patients by improving training courses. Also establishing education programs to improve nurses' knowledge and awareness toward the newest issues related to insulin therapy in the emergency department

AbstractA descriptive study is conducted throughout the period of 5/7/2022 to 3/12/2022 in order to determine the level of Depression for Cancer Patient in Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital.A simple random sample of (30) subjects was selected through the use of probability sampling approach. Data is collected through the use of tool. It is comprised of questionnaires socio demographicdata and use test Aaron Temkin Beck for Depression. Data is collected through the utilization of constricted questionnaires and the interview technique. Each interview takes approximately (5-10) minutes. The data are analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis to measurement of study. The findings of the present study indicate more present of the study sample with moderate depression 43% and less than of the study sample with very acute depression 6.6%. The study recommended to put the plan to treated the depression statuswith cooperated psychiatric department.

Abstract Background: Mechanical ventilation can partially or fully replace spontaneous breathing. Its main purpose is to improved gas exchange and decreased work of breathing by delivering preset concentrations of oxygen at an adequate tidal volume. An artificial airway (endotracheal tube) or tracheostomy is needed to a patient requiring mechanical ventilation, the roles of the nurses in the respiratory care unit are vital in assessing and monitoring the response of these patients to ventilation, and intervene to maintain oxygenation and ventilation. Aim of this study: The study aims to assess the nurse's practices for patients undergoing respiratory ventilator in the intensive care unit, and to find out the relationship between the nurses’ practices and socio - demographic characteristics which as the gender, level of education, years of experiences, and training course. Methodology: A descriptive study has been carried out to nurse's practices for patients undergoing respiratory ventilator in the intensive care unit at Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital for the period from April 20th, 2021, to October 14th, 2021. Nonprobability (purposive) sample of (40) nurses who work in intensive care unit at Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital. The sample has been collected by using assessment instrument which consists of two parts: part I: demographical characteristics of the nurse which consist of 7 items. Part II: observational checklist for the nurses in the intensive care unit which consists of 20 items. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods in the data analysis, which included descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis. The analyzed data have been conducted through application of descriptive statistics (Frequencies, Percentages, Mean of Scores and Standard deviation). Also, inferential statistics (Chi-Square test for testing the independency distribution of the observed frequencies); In addition, the comparison significant for this study the significant P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Results of the study shows the nurses practices in the intensive care unit, the highest of nurses’ practices items are (sometimes). While (never) was the main nurses’ practices regarding use the appropriate size of the face mask, change the oxygen mask for each patient and use clean suction technique and shows that 51% of nurses' practices have sometimes, while 22% of them have never and 27% of them have Always concerning to overall assessment of nurses’ practices. Also, there is a significant association between overall assessment of nurses’ practices and some variables in demographic data of the study sample, at P. value <0.05. In regard to education level of the sample, it shows that there is a highly significant association at P-value (0.001); also, there are a significant association at P-value (0.03) regarding training courses about intensive care unit, and there are highly significant associations at P-value (0.001) regarding duration of training courses. Conclusions: The study concluded that the majority of nurses in intensive care unit wear sterile personal protective equipment and provide patient’s privacy by covering the patient, while high percentage of nurses does not use the appropriate size of the face mask, change the oxygen mask for each patient and does not use clean suction technique. Also, there are a highly relationship between education level, and duration of training courses about intensive care unit of the nurses in the sample and their efficiency in nursing practice. Recommendations: The study recommended engaging intensive care nurses in special training course (inside and outside of Iraq) to improve knowledge and practice regarding mechanical ventilation, and nursing staff in the intensive care unit, must include those nurses who have bachelor’s degree in nursing only. Also, health directorate should provide poster fixed on intensive care unit walls including responsibilities and duties of nurses in this unit and supply the hospitals with enough equipment and facilities used in intensive care unit.

Abstract Objective(s): To determine the quality assurance for essential primary health care services in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf Governorate, identify the relationships between the quality assurance for essential primary health care services and characteristics of the organizational system, client satisfaction, and provided service. Methodology: A descriptive study is conducted throughout the period of September 1st 2016 to August 3rd 2017. A simple random sample of (504) subjects is selected through the use of probability sampling approach. The sample is divided into three groups which include (18) directors of primary health care centers, (18) primary health care services providers, and (468) consumers. A simple random sample of (504) subjects is selected through the use of probability sampling approach. The sample is divided into three groups which include (18) directors of primary health care centers, (18) primary health care services providers, and (468) consumers. Data is collected through the utilization of constricted questionnaires and the interview technique as means of data collection and keeping records of all available contacts that facilitate the access to the study sample. Interviews are conducted with directors of primary health-care centers, consumers, and workforce. Each interview takes approximately (5-10) minutes. The data collection was carried out from March 25 to June 6 2017. Content validity of the instrument is determined through a panel of (15) experts, and reliability through a pilot study. The data are analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that the mean catchments population for PHC centers is high; shortages of the medical, medical assistants, and administration workforce. The nursing, medical assistants, and administration staff are poorly distributed, maternal and child health services including family planning and health education services are in critical level, consumers showed inadequate overall satisfaction with primary health care services. Recommendations: The study recommends that to increase the total number of PHC centers according to the numbers of consumers within area; collaboration and coordination should be initiated between Ministry of Health, Ministry of Higher Education and Educational agencies to establish planning system to provide PHC facilities with workforce needed according to the numbers of consumers within the area, taken into accounts national standards; provision of scientific booklet on standards operating procedures (SOPs) and guided by clear job description in all fields of primary health care service provision.Keywords: Quality Assurance, Primary Health Care Services, Primary Health Care Centers.