اسامة هادي صالح

Giardiasis is one of the most common intestinal parasites affecting young mammals, birds, and humans.Giardiasis is also frequently associated with the malabsorption of nutrients, particularly iron. However, the effects ofGiardia lamblia on iron metabolism and overall inflammation in the host have not been fully understood.

Emerging zoonotic parasitic infections represent a growing global health challenge, particularly under the environmental and societal transformations of the Anthropocene. Increased humananimal-environment interacteraction have intensified the risk of pathogen spillover and disease emergence.

Toxocara vitulorum is aneglected zoonotic nematode of cattle andbuffalo calves, and little is known about itshuman exposure potential. The currentstudy focused on human and animalexposure to T. vitulorum in the rurallivestock-associated communities of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq, and employedboth serological and molecularmethodologies. A total of 120 livestock-associated humans and 150 cattle andbuffalo calves were sampled for serum. Anindirect ELISA was utilized for the detectionof anti-T. vitulorum IgG, and fecal sampleswere obtained from calves (n = 150) foranalysis by quantitative PCR for the ITS-1region. The analysis of the results of theserological study, it was found that there is astatistically significant difference in theseroprevalence of the study populations. Ahigher proportion of seropositivity wasobserved in animals (38.7%, 58/150) than inhumans (17.5%, 21/120) (χ² = 13.62, p <0.001). Among humans, seropositivity wassignificantly associated with daily animalcontact (26.8% vs. Molecular detection

SARS COV-2 is an acute respiratory infectious disease. It is caused by the type of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that was first detected in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China and has spread rapidly across the world. The number of confirmed cases of SARS COV-2 has now reached almost 1,700,000. The virus is a cause of great concern because it has high morbidity and infectivity. In some cases, it can even be lethal. The structure and genome of the virus will be the starting point in finding the most effective measures to control and destroy the disease. For instance, the virus is composed of a spike-like glycoprotein corona, which is a unique morphological characteristic of the virus, but also the most important structure for its infectivity, providing multiple targets of antibodies for research. Genomes encode 6-11 structural proteins related to virus infection, assembly and release.

The study was approved and carried out at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah , during the period September to December 2022 according to the international guidelines for the care and use of animals. Samples The investigation started with collecting 170 samples of fecal contents from the intestines of slaughtered sheep. The study was conducted from September to December 2022. The intestinal content samples were taken and transported in a cool box to the Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, AlDiwaniyah City, Iraq.