عقيل مير علي جاسم الزاملي

PCOS patients diagnose by having two of the following criteria: first oligo- and/or anovulation, second hyperandrogenism (by clinical picture with or without biochemical features), and lastly ultrasound findings of polycystic disease. The underlying cause of PCOS is unknown. Theories about cause may include genetic predisposition. The role laparoscopic drilling for ovaries show advancing in treatment of PCOD in form of restore ovulation specially those patients in whom there is resistant to clomiphene citrate or incompliant for long term therapy. The current study was aimed to describe the role of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) as an effective and successful treatment for infertility in those patients with PCOD in whom medical treatment fail. This study includes 50 patient’s female, age between (22-35) years old. Inclusion criteria including period of infertility of 1-10-year duration, body weight increase with (BMI 29-35 Kg/m2), gynecological problems with abnormal menstruation, clinical pictures go with high level of androgen hormone like acne vulgaris and hirsutism. The results revealed that 50 patients were studied here. In 40 patients (80%), they show no menstrual cycle changes. Follow up period was 12 months.30 of patient (60%) had pregnancy; the mean time for the first pregnancy was 3.5months after operation. As a second line treatment for infertility treatment in patients with PCOD, LOD has good and successful results that lead to increase using specially for patients with failure of medical treatment and poor compliance. It’s beneficial as less pelvic adhesion and minimal ovarian trauma making it with fewer side effects. The results postoperatively in regarding hormone assay and conception rate are favarouable

Visceral leishmaniasis has been recognized as an important public health problem in Iraq for the last 50 years, particularly in the southern governorates owing to its considerable impact on morbidity and its potential to spread in outbreaks and epidemics which impose a heavy burden on the national health services. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the national control measures in reducing the number of Kala-azar cases in Al-Diwaniyah governorate (which is a known endemic focus in Iraq), for the years 2007 and 2008. The results of this study at the district level for the years 2007 and 2008 regarding the number of Kala-azar cases and application of control measures revealed that the Kala-azar incidence rates in Al-Diwaniyah governorate for the years 2007and 2008 were 1.4 and 0.8 per 1000 in children less than five years, respectively. The number of Kala-azar cases recorded for the year 2007 was 399 cases, which constituted 12.2% of the total cases in Iraq, this included 216 cases (54.1%) from areas where active control measures (spraying, rodents control campaign and euthanization of jackals and stray dogs) were not applied, and 183 cases (45.9%) from areas were such measures were applied. In the year 2007, the differences in the number of cases between areas without and areas with control measures were highly obvious in all districts. In the year 2008, the differences in the number of cases between areas without and areas with control measures were highly obvious in all districts with the exception of Al-Hamza district. Comparison of the number of cases recorded during the year 2007 in areas before active intervention with the number of cases recorded in the same areas during the year 2008, after this intervention revealed that these active control measures were 58.8 % effective in reduction of Kala-azar cases

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic type to humans, and the most common species responsible for a wide range of diseases such as furuncles, various abscesses, wounds abscesses resulting from surgical operations, dermatitis, soft tissue inflammation, arthritis, bones inflammation, bronchial pneumonia, inflammation of internal parts of the heart and injuries caused by toxins such as toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcus aureus syndrome and food poisoning. The current study aimed by finding the genes responsible for the virulence factors in S.aureus isolates by using the Single and Multiplex PCR mechanism (technology). A total of 60 specimens (urine, burn swabs, wound swabs) from different clinical cases were collected from patients (in different age groups) who admitted to several health centers in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Iraq, during a period extending from October 2016 to January 2017. Some virulence factors were investigated for 30 isolate only of MRSA using Single and Multiplex PCR for detection virulence factor genes which both coa gene encoding production of coagulase, clfA gene encoding for clumping factor, spa gene encoding for protein A, fnbA gene encoding for fibronectin binding proteins, luks gene encoding production of Panton Valentine Leukocidin(PVL). Results of current study showed that all isolates 30 (100%) were possess coa,clfA,spa and fnbA genes, 13 (43.3%) were possess luks gene