احمد رحيم ريشان

Sepsis remains a global health emergency with rising death averages in intensive care settings.. Current corticosteroid treatments, such as dexamethasone, are effective but carry significant immunosuppressive adverse effects. Natural polyphenolic compounds derived from medicinal plants represent a promising prophylactic strategy with favourable safety profiles.This research endeavour to evaluate and contrast the prophylactic accomplishments of aqueous (AqGE) and alcoholic (AlGE) Allium sativum extracts against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats, assessing body weight parameters, complete blood count (CBC), inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and hepatorenal function in comparison with dexamethasone. LPS induced marked systemic inflammation (IL-6: 842.6±72.4 pg/mL; TNF-α: 624.8±58.4 pg/mL), oxidative stress (MDA: 12.65 ± 1.29 nmol/mL), hepatorenal injury (ALT: 218.4 U/L; creatinine: 2.16 ± 0.23 mg/dL), haematological dysregulation (NLR: 3.09±0.39 ), and body weight loss (−11.9 ± 1.2 %). Seven-day prophylactic AlGE significantly attenuated all parameters superior to both AqGE and dexamethasone. Notably, AlGE achieved significantly greater suppression of IL-6 (184.8 ± 18.3 vs. 312.9 ± 28.6 pg/mL; p<0.001), TNF-α (142.7 ± 14.3 vs. 248.6 ± 24.5 pg/mL; p<0.001), and superior restoration of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH; p<0.001 vs. dexamethasone), while preserving higher IL-10 levels (96.3 ± 9.7vs. 68.3 ± 6.9 pg/mL; p=0.002). Renal and hepatic function biomarkers were significantly better preserved in AlGE-treated rats compared with dexamethasone (all p<0.01). Standardised alcoholic Allium sativum extract administered prophylactically provides superior anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective protection compared with a single acute dose of dexamethasone in LPS-induced sepsis, with the added benefit of preserving adaptive immune response through higher IL-10 levels. These findings support further clinical investigation of garlic-based prophylactic supplementation in sepsis-prone patient populations.

Ticks, especially Rhipicephalus microplus, are a major threat to livestock, as they cause blood loss, skin damage, poor weight gain, and the spread of tick-borne pathogens. Traditional control measures rely on synthetic acaricides, which have led to resistance after prolonged use, environmental pollution, and residues in animal products. The study evaluates the adulticidal, larvicidal, and repellent properties of an ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) seeds against R. microplus. A crude ethanolic extract (yield: 15.2%) was tested at concentrations ranging from 1.25–20% using adult immersion, larval immersion, and tick-climbing repellency assays. Dose-dependent acaricidal effects were observed to be significantly high with adult mortality of 85% and larval mortality of 92% recorded at 20% extract. The LC50 and LC90 values for adults were 6.23 and 18.75%, respectively, and the LC50 and LC90 values for larvae were 4.85 and 15.42%, respectively. Reproductive parameters were also adversely affected at the highest concentration: hatchability was 28%, and oviposition was inhibited by 88%. The highest repulsive percentage of 82.4 was recorded after 4 hours at 20% extract. These same findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of Neem seeds exhibits strong adulticidal, larvicidal, antireproductive, and repellent efficacy against R. microplus, thereby supporting its potential as a botanical acaricide candidate for further evaluation in tick management.

Amoxicillin (AMOX), a widely used β-lactam antibiotic, is known to induce oxidative stress and histopathological damage in the liver and kidneys of rats. This study evaluated the protective effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa against AMOX-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Male albino rats were divided into control, AMOX-treated, H. sabdariffa-treated, and co-treatment groups. AMOX administration elevated serum liver (ALT, AST) and kidney (creatinine, urea) biomarkers, as well as inflammatory markers. It also increased oxidative stress, as indicated by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and reduced antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSR, and GSH). Supplementation with H. sabdariffa significantly improved biochemical parameters, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced histopathological damage. These protective effects may be attributed to its rich polyphenolic and anthocyanin content, which exhibit hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. Overall, the findings suggest that H. sabdariffa could serve as a natural therapeutic agent against AMOX-induced organ toxicity.

The dose-dependent effect of garlic powder on growth performance, FCR and protein utilization efficiency of Cobb-500 broiler chickens was evaluated. Cobb-500 broiler chicks (one-week-old) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment (5 birds per replicate; 20 birds per treatment). The experiment was conducted for 28 days under standard husbandry conditions. Growth parameters such as body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and Feed conversion ratio(FCR) were measured every week. In vitro digestion assays to measure soluble protein (SP) and pellet protein (PP) concentrations, nitrogen retention (NR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were used to assess the protein utilization. The growth performance was significantly improved (P<0.05) in garlic supplementation, with the 1% garlic group having the highest BWG (1650±55.1 g) and the lowest FCR (1.75±0.05) when compared with the control (1450±52.3 g, FCR 1.95±0.08). The protein digestibility of garlic-supplemented groups was significantly increased (P<0.001) in both SP and PP. The 1% garlic group showed superior NR (71±3.2%) and PER (2.07±0.11 g/g) compared to control (58±2.8%; 1.75±0.09 g/g) (P<0.01). These findings indicate that dietary garlic powder at a 0.5-1% level is a natural, cost-effective alternative to synthetic growth promoter in broiler production that enhances growth performance, feed efficiency and protein utilization.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, with 8.68% prevalence. However, present therapeutic measures are ineffective in coping with HCC due to significant therapy resistance. Therefore, crosstalk inhibition rather than targeting a single target is a more efficient strategy to reduce therapy resistance. In this study, we used computational methods to identify potential pathways involved in HCC and quantify their crosstalk. First, we evaluated the crosstalk between pathways from an HCC GEO dataset (GSE45267). 1526 genes were selected based on gene expression analysis, and 32 enriched pathways were identified based on 1526 genes. Then we predicted the effects of Santamarin on HCC by inhibiting individual and interlinked pathways, aiming to determine the maximum crosstalk inhibition. Santamarin has significantly inhibited crosstalk among six pathways, resulting in a reduction in network efficiency. Actually, CYP2C19 is a direct target of santamarin, which inhibits the pathway crosstalk among six pathways. Moreover, Santamarin has demonstrated substantial in vitro efficacy in destroying hepatic cancer cells. Overall, Santamarin has immense potential to inhibit crosstalk between primary pathways in HCC and could be considered as a future anticancer drug.

Crocus sativus L. has been traditionally used for centuries in Persian, Unani, and other traditional medical systems to enhance male fertility, strengthen reproductive organs, and improve general vitality. Classical texts, such as Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine (compiled around 1012–1025 C.E.), describes Crocus sativus L. as beneficial for reproductive weakness and sexual dysfunction. With the development of modern pharmacology, Crocus sativus L. and its key phytoconstituents (e.g., crocin, crocetin, quercetin, gallic acid, cinnamic acid) have been shown to possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, partly by activating cytoprotective pathways like Nrf2.

With conservatively estimated millions of illnesses and deaths each year, most of which are caused by food contamination, Salmonella is now a threat and economic cost to the world. Traditional control measures become challenging because of the extensive variety of serovars of the Salmonella bacterium, coupled with increased antimicrobial resistance. With special focus on animal reservoir immunization strategies and new antibiotic regimens, the review critically assesses current and potential future control measures against Salmonella infection. Live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, and novel DNA/mRNA platforms are some of the vaccines that attenuate pathogen shedding and zoonotic transmission in animals to a considerable degree. Maintaining the integrity of the gut microbiome, or host immune system activation through adjunct mechanisms like probiotics, bacteriophages, organic acids, essential oils, phytobiotics, and immunomodulators, present non-antibiotic options. Successful control of Salmonella requires a combination of strong biosecurity, farm management, and "One Health" strategy together with intersectoral coordination and improved surveillance. To become more acceptable and contribute towards the long-term influence on public health, both legal obstacles and financial barriers will have to be overcome. This article presents these key points concerning the transmission of the infection and pathogenesis of Salmonella. The vaccine and alternative measures utilized for control of the transmission are also highlighted.

This retrospective study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (FVAS) outdoor clinic, Gomal University, to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of common surgical conditions over three years (January 2021-December 2023). A total of 340 cases were examined at the outdoor clinic encompassing conditions such as hernia, wounds, lameness, fractures, urine retention (UR), and dog bites in bovine, equine, ovine, camel, and caprine species. Descriptive statistics were applied using SPSS software to analyze the data by species, months, and types of infections. The results revealed that wounds (30.29%) and UR (30%) were the most frequent conditions, followed by lameness (24.41%), fractures (7.64%), hernia (5.58%), and dog bites (2.05%). Caprine and ovine species were found affected from UR and hernias. Wound cases were consistently high throughout the study period, particularly in bovine and caprine species. Lameness was most prevalent in equine and caprine species, especially in January, February, and December. Fractures were primarily observed in ovine and caprine species, often resulting from vehicular accidents. Although less frequent, dog bites were reported in ovine and caprine species. The study highlights the species-specific distribution of these conditions with the highest incidence recorded in February and lowest in October. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and improved clinical management to reduce the impact of these health issues on animal welfare and productivity.

International Design Classification: Version: 15-2025 Class: 14 RECORDING, TELECOMMUNICATION OR DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT Subclass: 02 DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS PERIPHERAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES

Class: 24 MEDICAL AND LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Background: Healthcare has been transformed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) which demonstrates remote monitoring capability for assessing and treating patients with chronic rheumatological diseases including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fortunately, AI has shown much promise yet its real-world performance along with user outcomes remain poorly documented. Objective: This research evaluates the capabilities of artificial intelligence in treating osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by examining user evaluations of program performance and determining elements affecting satisfaction with AI systems. Methods: The quantitative study utilized structured surveys with three distinct target groups - patients and healthcare providers alongside researchers. The survey monitored participant demographics alongside survey data regarding disease profiles together with digital tool behaviors and evaluations of Artificial Intelligence beneficial attributes and system happiness. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive along with inferential measures plus Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality verification together with Cronbach's Alpha calculations for reliability checks followed by linear regression to evaluate the relationship between tool efficiency and satisfaction. Results: The study included 250 respondents. Using the chi-square test, it was established that the normality tests that were employed to check the normal distribution of “Tool Effectiveness” and “Satisfaction” scores were both rejected at 0.05 significant levels. The internal consistency of the reliabilities was low (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.178). Further, regression analysis displayed a poor negative correlation where tool effectiveness could explain only 1% of satisfaction with a value of p > 0.05. The graphics used showed a variation in responses and recommended a broad-based approach to the assessment. Conclusion: Currently, overall OA and RA management with AI-based tools can be perceived as promising; however, the current level of user satisfaction and perceived effectiveness in designing and implementing those tools seems to be questionable. Thus, the subsequent promotion experiences should focus on aspects such as comprehensibility, credibility, and infrastructure within medical organizations. Future studies are required to better optimize AI interventions and understand AI’s overall effect on the control and management of the studied diseases.

Modern animal farming is currently becoming important in the socio-economic development of the Astrakhan region. Physiological characterizes of farm animals especially economic-cattle breeds or population is highly-important for using in breeding program. Concentration of microelements is one of first key point in this identification. Our work presents data from biogeochemical studies of pasture ecosystems (dominant plants of ranges) in the Astrakhan region and its effect on microelement reserves in body (meat, muscles and other tissue). The studies were carried out in 2021 on Simmental cattle. Trace elements in the selected samples of the pasture ecosystem, as well as in the organs and tissues of Simmental cattle were determined by the atomic absorption method. A low rate of trace elements was found in the soil, plants and feed of the ecosystem of the Astrakhan region. In conclusion, the greatest amount in the soil and plants contains manganese and zinc, in the least - selenium. In pasture-samples, the highest content of microelements was found in astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus) as a sample. In addition, a low level of trace elements was found in the organs and tissues of Simmental cattle. Keywords: Cattle, Ecosystem, Hypomicroelementoses, Pasture, Zinc